Hydrocarbon liquids will oxidize when exposed to continuous supplies of fresh air.
Organic acids begin to form in the liquid and concentrate as the oxidation continues.
As it degrades, usually at an accelerating rate, the fluid becomes less and less capable of efficiently carrying and transferring heat.
Losing its ability to withstand high temperatures, the fluid becomes even more prone to degradation.
To prevent oxidation, fluid in the expansion tank must be kept cool.
Sizing
The deaerator is sized on the flow of oil through it.
The expansion tank is calculated on the thermal fluid expansion volume from the cold state to the max operating temperature.
The average expansion coefficient of a generic thermal fluid is about 0.0007/°C.
Considering that the maximum temperature excursion could reach 300°C, the consequence is that the variation of volume of the oil, passing from cold to the rating conditions, is equal to the 20% of the total volume of the oil contained in the system.
A tank correctly dimensioned should have a capacity of the 30-40% of the oil content in the plant in function of the maximum design temperature.
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