Search results for: 'one piece'

REFERENCE NUMBER: M-3349 (88013DYN7U)-D TOYOTA AIRJET LOOMS TOYOTA AIR JET LOOM QTY MODEL=JA2S-190TP-T610 TOTAL 60 LOOMS 60 STAUBLI POSITIVE TAPPET CAM MOPTION TYPE 1620 CAM BOX WITH 7 SHAFT 6 CAMS WITH 1 SPACER FOR EACH LOOM 60SETS 1 REPEAT GEAR FOR EACH LOOM 60SETS PROFILE REED SYSTEM REED SPACE 190 CM 60 LOWER BUILT ONE PIECE BOX TYPE SIDE FRAME FOR HIGH SPEED OPERATION 60 OIL BATH LUBRICATION FOR MAIN UNITS 60 TWO SIDES CRANK DRIVE BEATING WITH OIL BATH 60 HIGH TORQE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SOLENOID BRAKE (4P-3PHASE,3.5KW) 60 MAIN CONTROL COMPUTER WITH 32 BYTES CPU 60 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM BY OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION NETWORK 60 TOUCH SCREEN FUNCTION PANEL WITH MULTI- WINDOW DISPLAY 60 AUTOMATIC INITIAL CONDITION - (ICS) SYSTEM 60 AUTOMATIC FAULT ALRAM FUNCTION 60 WEEKLY EFFICIENCY GRAPH DISPLAY & DOWN TIME 60 CAUSE DISLPAY BEAM CLOTH ESTIMATOR 60 2 COLOUR MIXING DEVICE BY ELECTRIC DRUM POLE (EDP) 60 TAPERED SUB NOZZLE 60 LOW AIR PRESURE & HIGH PROPULSIVE MAIN NOZZLE 60 DIRECT DRIVE SOLENOID VALVE FOR MAIN & SUB NOZZLE 60 TWO INDEPENDENT SUB NOZZLE TANKS 60 TAPERED TUNNEL REED 60 AUTOMATIC TIMING CONTROLLER (ATC) 60 AUTOMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS) 60 TIMING CHEKER WITH GRAPH DISPLAY ON FUNCTION PANEL 60 CENTRALIZED REGULATOR 60 ELECTRONIC LET OFF MOTION BY DIGITAL AC SERVO MOTOR 60 AUTOMATIC LET OFF ADJUSTMENT 60 FELL FORWARD DEVICE FOR STOP MARK PREVENTION 60 POSITIVE EASING MOTION WITH TWIN BACK ROLLER 60 MECHANICAL TAKE UP MOTION BY CHANGE GEAR 60 ON LOOM TAKE UP MOTION FOR MAXIMUM -600MM CLOTH DIA 60 DOUBLE PRESS CLOTH ROLLS 60LOOM METAL SPRAYED SURFACE TAKE UP ROOLER 60 RING TAMPLE-3ROWS -24RING 60SET ROTARY LENO SELVEDGE AT L+R SIDE WITH ELECTRIC STOP MOTION 60SET DOUBLE FEELER FOR WEFT STOP MOTION -(REFLECTING TYPE ) 60 ELECTRIC WARP STOP MOTION BY SIX LINES CONTACT BAR 6 PER LOOM YARN BEAM SET WITH 1000 MM FLANGE & 178 MM BAREL DIA 90 CLOTH ROLLER 100 MM DIA 90 REED 60PIECE HEALD FRAMES 7 PER LOOM HEALD WIRE (331MML) C TYPE 6000PER LOOM DROPPER- (165-11-0.3) 6000PER LOOM QUANTITY: 60 TOYOTA AIR JET LOOM QTY MODEL=JA2S-280TP-T610 TOTAL 12 LOOM. 12 STAUBLI POSITIVE TAPPET CAM MOPTION 12SETS TYPE 1620 CAM BOX WITH 7 SHAFT 6 CAMS WITH 1 SPACER FOR EACH LOOM 12SETS 1 REPEAT GEAR FOR EACH LOOM 12SETS PROFILE REED SYSTEM REED SPACE 280 CM 12 LOWER BUILT ONE PIECE BOX TYPE SIDE FRAME FOR HIGH SPEED OPERATION 12 OIL BATH LUBRICATION FOR MAIN UNIT 12 TWO SIDES CRANK DRIVE BEATING WITH OIL BATH 12 HIGH TORQE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SOLENOID 12 BRAKE (4P-3PHASE,3.5KW) MAIN CONTROL COMPUTER WITH 32 BYTES CPU 12 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM BY OPTICAL FIBER 12 COMMUNICATION NETWORK TOUCH SCREEN FUNCTION PANEL WITH MULTI- WINDOW DISPLAY 12 AUTOMATIC INITIAL CONDITION - (ICS) SYSTEM AUTOMATIC FAULT ALRAM FUNCTION 12 WEEKLY EFFICIENCY GRAPH DISPLAY & DOWN TIME 12 CAUSE DISLPAY BEAM CLOTH ESTIMATOR 12 2 COLOUR MIXING DEVICE BY ELECTRIC DRUM POLE (EDP) 12 TAPERED SUB NOZZLE 12 LOW AIR PRESURE & HIGH PROPULSIVE MAIN NOZZLE 12 DIRECT DRIVE SOLENIOD VALVE FOR MAIN & SUB NOZZLE 12 TWO INDEPENDENT SUB NOZZLE TANKS 12 TAPERED TUNNEL REED 12 AUTOMATIC TIMING CONTROL (ATC) 12 AUTOMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS) 12 TIMING CHEKER WITH GRAPH DISPLAY ON FUNCTION PANEL 12 CENTRALIZED REGULATOR 12 ELECTRONIC LET OFF MOTION BY DIGITAL AC SERVO MOTOR 12 AUTOMATIC LET OFF ADJUSTMENT 12 FELL FORWARD DEVICE FOR STOP MARK PREVENTION 12 POSITIVE EASING MOTION WITH TWIN BACK ROLLER 12 MECHANICAL TAKE UP MOTION BY CHANGE GEAR 12 ON LOOM TAKE UP MOTION FOR MAXIMUM -600MMCLOTH DIA 12 DOUBLE PRESS CLOTH ROLLS 12LOOM METAL SPRAYED SURFASE TAKE UP ROOLER 12 RING TAMPLE-3ROW -30RING 12SET OCCUPIED WITH TUCK IN DEVICE WITH COMPLETE ACCESSORIES DOUBLE FEELER FOR WEFT STOP MOTION -(REFLECTING TYPE ) ELECTRIC WARP STOP MOTION BY SIX LINES CONTACT BAR 6PER LOOM YARN BEAM SET WITH 1000 MM FLANGE & 178 MM BARREL DIA 18 CLOTH ROLLER 100 MM DIA 18 REED 12PIECE HEALD FRAMES 7 PER LOOM HEALD WIRE (331MML) C TYPE 8000PER LOOM DROPPER- (165-11-0.3) 8000PER LOOM QUANTITY AVAILABLE: 12 LOOMS 20 LOOMS HAVE GEAR FOR TUCK IN DEVICE, GEAR BOX AT LEFT SIDE 1 INVERTER FOR 36 LOOMS ( 2 INVERTERS FOR ALL 72) 2 ATLAS COPCO ZR-315 COMPRESORS AND DRYER MD-1000 AVAILALE AT ADDITIONAL COST Learn More

TT-7680 SIEMENS SST 400 CONDENSING STEAM TURBINE, YEAR 2011, 50/60Hz, 30 MW SIEMENS SST 400 YEAR 2011 TYPE: SST 400 CONDENSING STEAM TURBINE WITH FOUR BLEEDS AND ONE EXTRACTION TURBOSE OUTPUT: (AT GENERATOR TERMINALS) NORMAL 30 MW MAXIMAL 31.88 MW MINIMAL 4.5 MW QUANTITY: 4 Learn More

TT-6598 MTU 20V4000L64FNER TR OPEN TYPE NATURAL GAS GENSET, 2.5 MW, 50 Hz, 1500 RPM, YEAR 2024 1. MTU 20V4000L64FNER TR OPEN TYPE NATURAL GAS GENSET 2. 1 UNIT 400 V 3. 2 UNITS 6.3 KV Learn More

TT-6597 MTU OPEN TYPE NATURAL GAS GENERATORS, 1.5 MW, 50Hz EXCELLENT FULL DESCRIPTION OF A GENERATOR QUANTITY: 10 Learn More

YY-1521COMPUTERIZED SINGLE HEAD QUILTING MACHINE QUANTITY: 1 Learn More

J-3249 AUTOMATIC NONWOVEN MACHINE TO CUT & SEW SHELLS 26 x 26” WIDE, AUTOMATICALLY-FOR 60 TO 160gsm FABRIC WE HAVE VIDEO AVAILABLE CAPACITY: 15 TO 36 PIECES PER MINUTE FABRIC WEIGHT: 60 TO 160gsm FOR NONWOVEN FABRIC BAG AUTOMATIC BOTTOM SEWING, SIDE SEWING, AUTOMATIC CUTTING PLC CONTROLLED SERVO MOTOR DRIVEN QUANTITY: 1 Learn More

REFERENCE NUMBER: T-6924 100L/H LIQUID SOAP PRODUCTION LINE ITEM 001 ARO- 250L RO WATER TREATMENT 1. CAPACITY: 250L/H; DESIGN VOLUME: 250L/H 2. WATER CONDUCTIVITY: PURE WATER MACHINE: ≤8US/CM (RAW WATER CONDUCTIVITY ≤300US) 3. RECLAIM RATE (%) 4. PH VALUE: BETWEEN 5.5 AND 7.5 5. DESALINATION RATE: WHOLE MACHINE DESALINATION RATE ≥98%, SINGLE MEMBRANE LOWEST DESALINATION RATE 99.6% 6. PRODUCT ADVANTAGES: HANGZHOU SOUTH PRESSURE PUMP, ANHYDROUS AUTOMATIC STOP, LOW PRESSURE, AUTOMATIC PURE WATER PIPE WATER AUTOMATIC FILLING WATER AND STOPFULL AUTOMATIC FUNCTIONS COMPLETE EQUIPMENT ADOPTS STAINLESS STEEL MATERIAL (PVC DRAINAGE PIPE, BEAUTIFUL APPEARANCE AND PRESSURE RESISTANCE. HIGH PRESSURE PUMP IS SOUTH PUMP, IMPORTED SOLENOID VALVE AND DOW MEMBRANE. 7. TECHNOLOGY: ATOM-PE TANKS-RAW WATER PUMP-QUARTZ-SAND FILTERS-ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER-SECURITY FILTER-REVERSE OSMOSIS HOST-PURE WATER TANK-PURE WATER PUMPS-UV STERILIZER-LIQUID WASHING WATER INTRODUCED BY HOST-STORAGE TANK-EDI SYSTEMS-HIGH PURITY WATER TANK-WATER CONSUMING POINT 8. SOURCE WATER PUMP: MODEL: CHL4-20 FLUX: 3M3/H DIAMETER: 35M POWER: 0.35KW MATERIAL: SUS304 1 SET 9. FRP/SUS304 SAND FILTER TYPE: VERTICAL CYLINDER RINSE DEVICE: MANUAL/AUTO FLUSH EQUIPMENT WATER OUTLET: 1 M3/H SIZE: φ250 X 1250 (mm) BARREL HEIGHT: 2/3 OF PILLAR HEIGHT WORK PRESSURE: ≤0.8MPA EQUIPMENT MATERIAL: FRP/SUS304 FILTER MEDIUM: REFINED QUARTZ SAND~5 1 SET 10. FRP/SUS304 CARBON FILTER TYPE: VERTICAL CYLINDER RINSE DEVICE: MANUAL/AUTO FLUSH EQUIPMENT WATER OUTPUT: 1M3/H SIZE: φ250*1250 (mm) BARREL HEIGHT: 2/3 OF PILLAR HEIGHT WORK PRESSURE: ≤0.9MPA EQUIPMENT MATERIAL: FRP/SUS304 FILTER MEDIUM: ACTIVATED CARBON, PARTICLE SIZE: 0.3 TO 0.4M, 25KG 1 SET 11. PRECISION FILTER SIZE: 20 INCH, 5UM FILTER ELEMENT 2 PCS FLUX: 2T/H MATERIAL: OUTSIDE FILM BLUE PLASTIC EQUIP: 20 INCH 5UM SPRAY FILTER 2 PIECE 1 SET 12. STAINLESS STEEL HIGH PRESSURE PUMP MODEL: CDL WATER OUTPUT: 2T/H DIAMETER: 120M POWER: 0.75KW 1 SET 13. MEMBRANE SHELL MODEL: 4040, MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL, 1 LINE 14. REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE MODEL: DOWREBE4040 DOMESTIC MEMBRANE SINGLE FLOW: 0.25T/H 1 PC 15. CONDUCTIVITY METER - ONLINE MEASURE, CM-240 DIGITAL DISPLAY, 2 SETS 16. WATER SOLENOID VALVE DN25 STAINLESS STEEL, 1 SET 17. RINSE SOLENOID VALVE DN20 STAINLESS STEEL, 1 SET 18. CONTROL VALVE SUS DN20, 2 SETS 19. FLOW METER MODEL: 20750, 0 TO 11GPM, 2 SETS 20. PRESSURE METER, MODEL: 0 TO 0.6MPA, MODEL: 0 TO 2.5MPA, 4 PCS 21. LOW PRESSURE CONTROLLER MODEL: PSI, 1 SET 22. EQUIPMENT RACK, MATERIAL: SUS304, 1 SET 23. PIPELINE, PIPE FITTINGS, FRP/SUS304, 1 SET 24. ELECTRICAL CONTROL CABINET, SUS304 MATERIAL, 1 SET 25. ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS, DELIXI, 1 SET 26. UV DEVICE, 24W OVERCURRENT UV STERILIZER, 1 SET QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 002 AHM-200L LIQUID HOMOGENIZER MIXER 1. MAIN POT FULL VOLUME: 240L WORKING CAPACITY: 60 TO 200L INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SANITATION POLISHING≥300 MESH A. INNER TANK SUS316L, THICK: 5mm SEAL HEAD: SUS316L, THICKNESS: 4mm IMPORT STAINLESS STEEL B. JACKET SUS304, THICK: 5mm, ELECTRIC HEATING: 12KW TAP WATER COOLING BOTTOM INLET AND TOP OUTLET C. SHELL SUS304, THICK: 3mm INSULATION MEDIA: ALUMINUM SILICATE D. LID SUS304, HALF OPEN HINGED LID GMP HYGIENE STANDARDS E. AGITATOR FRAME TYPE WALL SCRAPER MIXING, WITH ONE FIXED PROPELLER FLANGE SHAFT COUPLING STIRRER PADDLE: SUS316L, THICK: 10mm SCRAPER BLADE: PTFE MATERIAL, REMOVE PRODUCT FROM THE WALL F. AGITATOR MOTOR POWER: 2.2KW SIEMENS MOTOR AND REDUCER SPEED: 0 TO 65RPM DELTA FREQUENCY INVERTER G. SEALING OF AGITATOR THREE WAY SKELETON OIL SEAL + NSK BEARING H. BOTTOM HOMOGENIZER POWER: 4KW, SIEMENS MOTOR SUS316L, ROTOR AND STATOR HIGH SHEARING HOMOGENIZER SPEED: 0 TO 3600 RPM, DELTA INVERTER I. SEALING OF HOMOGENIZER MECHANICAL SEAL+ WATER COOLING CIRCULATION J. DISCHARGING WAY SUS316L, DN36 BOTTOM BALL VALVE HYGIENE LEVEL 2. ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM SHELL MATERIAL: SUS304, THICKNESS: 2mm STAINLESS STEEL SAND PANEL STANDARD CONFIGURATION: INSTRUMENT, BUTTON, APPLIANCE COMPONENTS SCHNEIDER 3. PLATFORM & BRACKET ALL SS AND EQUIPPED WITH ANTI-SKID ALUMINUM PLATE BEST CONFIGURATION 4. OTHER ACCESSORY SPARE PARTS PROVIDE NAMES & QUANTITY OF SPECIAL AND VULNERABLE PARTS RANDOM QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 003 HORIZONTAL LIQUID FILLING MACHINE CYLINDER - BRAND: AIRTAC FAMOUS BRAND, LOW GAS CONSUMPTION STRONG DRIVING FORCE CONTROL SYSTEM - "MANUAL/AUTOMATIC" CONTROL, "RESET", "MANOMETER". FOOT CONTROL PANEL - CONTROLLED BY FOOT, MATERIALS ARE FILLED INTO BOTTLES WHEN PRESS THIS PANEL. MATERIAL ENTRANCE - USING STEEL PIPE CONNECT WITH CHARGING BASKET. FILLING NOZZLE - FILLING VOLUME AND FILLING NOZZLE SIZE IS OPTIONAL. 1 STRUCTURE SELF-SUCTION PRODUCTS TO FILLING MACHINE FULL PNEUMATIC CONTROL NORMAL GRAVITY TYPE FEEDING PRODUCTS. CHANGE MANUAL" AND "AUTOMATIC" FILLING STATE PISTON CYLINDER CONTROL VOLUME 2 PRINCIPLE COMPRESSED AIR CONTROL DRIVE USING LEAD SCREW, COUNTER, MAKE FILLING QUANTITY ADJUSTMENT ACCURATE EMERGENCY SWITCH, PISTON AUTOMATICALLY RETREAT BACK TO INITIAL BITS, FILLING STOP. 3 CYLINDER: AIRTAC 4 MATERIAL: SS316L FOR ALL CONTACT PRODUCTS PART, OTHER PARTS SS304 8 FILLING RANGE: 500 TO 5000ML 10 FILLING SPEED: 0 TO 30BPM (ADJUSTABLE) 12 AIR PRESSURE: 0.5 TO 0.8MPA 13 WORKING PRESSURE: 0.2 TO 0.5MPA 14 AIR CONSUMPTION: 0.05M3/MIN 15 WEIGHT: 45KG QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 004 SEMI AUTOMATIC CAPPING MACHINE CAPPING TIME & TORQUE CONTROL HEIGHT CONTROL ACCORDING TO BOTTLES CAPPING CONTROL MOTOR - MOVE AROUND ON BOTH SIDES TO CONTROL CAPPING CAPS SCREW CAPPING PARTS - 4 SILICONE ROTATING CAPS PART PUMP CAP SETTING PART- FIXING PUMP PART AND THEN ROTATING CAPS 1. BOTTLE LOCK RANGE BOTTLE HEIGHT: 30 TO 300mm BOTTLE WIDTH: 15 TO 100mm 2. LOCK LID WRESTING: STANDARD VALUE 4 TO 8KG/CM 3. POWER: 80W 4. USE OF GAS SOURCE: 0.4 TO 0.6MPA 5. VOLTAGE: 220V/50Hz 6. SIZE: 500 X 380X 700mm 7. NET WEIGHT: 35 KG QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 005 ALM -SEMI AUTOMATIC ROUND BOTTLE LABELING MACHINE 1. SCOPE OF APPLICABLE LABELS: WIDTH OF 10 TO 350mm, LENGTH OF 10-150mm 2. DIAMETER OF APPLICATE BOTTLE NECK: EXTERNAL DIAMETER OF 20-80(mm), HEIGHT OF 30 TO 200(mm) 3. MAX ROLL INSIDE DIAMETER: 76mm 4. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: 1200 TO 2400 BOTTLES/HOUR (IT DEPENDS ON SIZE OF LABEL AND SPEED OF MANUAL OPERATION) 5. RATED VOLTAGE: 220V/50Hz 6. TOTAL POWER: 100W QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 006 ALM -SEMI AUTOMATIC FLAT BOTTLE LABELING MACHINE 1. SCOPE OF APPLICABLE LABELS: WIDTH OF 10 TO 350mm, LENGTH OF 10 TO 150mm 2. DIAMETER OF APPLICATE BOTTLE NECK: EXTERNAL DIAMETER OF 20 TO 80(mm), HEIGHT OF 30 TO 200(mm) 3. MAX ROLL INSIDE DIAMETER: 76mm 4. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: 1200 TO 2400 BOTTLES/HOUR (IT DEPENDS ON SIZE OF LABEL AND SPEED OF MANUAL OPERATION) 5. RATED VOLTAGE: 220V/50Hz 6. TOTAL POWER: 100W QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 007 HANDHELD INKJET PRINTER 1. MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL 2. DIMENSION: 130 X 128 X 200mm 3. CONTROL SCREEN: COLOR TOUCH SCREEN, INTELLIGENT TOUCH SCREEN (CAN BE CONTROLLED BY UNIVERSAL WIRELESS MOUSE, CAN ALSO BE IMPORTED ON THE COMPUTER AND IMPORTED THROUGH U DISK) 4. PRINTING: 360° ALL-IN-ONE CODING, WHETHER IT IS ARBITRARILY FACING FORWARD AND DOWNWARD, TO MEET PRODUCTION NEEDS. 5. PRINTING FONT: BUILT-IN NATIONAL STANDARD FULL FONT, PINYIN INPUT METHOD, TOUCH ONLINE EDITING, NO NEED TO CONNECT TO THE COMPUTER, EASY TO OPERATE. 6. PRINTED FONTS: HIGH-DEFINITION PRINTED FONTS (IE PRINTED) DOT MATRIX FONTS, BUILT-IN MULTIPLE CHINESE AND ENGLISH FONTS. 7. PRINTING GRAPHICS: CAN SPRAY A VARIETY OF TRADEMARK PATTERNS, GRAPHICS CAN BE IMPORTED THROUGH THE U DISK. 8. PRINTING ACCURACY: 600DPI (HIGH DEFINITION) 9. NUMBER OF PRINT LINES: ADJUSTABLE FROM ONE TO SEVEN LINES 10. PRINTING HEIGHT: CAN BE PRINTED 2mm-13mm (ADJUSTABLE) PLUS NOZZLE (CAN BE INCREASED TO 50 mm) 11. PRINTING BAR CODE: BAR CODE, 2D BAR CODE 12. WEIGHT: 1.18KG 13. PRINTING MATERIALS: WOOD BOARD, CARTON, STONE, MDF, LIGHT STEEL KEEL, PIPE, METAL, PLASTIC, ALUMINUM FOIL, CABLE, ETC. QUANTITY: 1 SET ITEM 008 AIR COMPRESSOR 1. POWER: 4KW QUANTITY: 1 SET Learn More

Federal health officials have now recommended that we cover our faces with fabric during the coronavirus pandemic. But what material offers the most protection?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has posted a no-sew mask pattern using a bandanna and a coffee filter as well as a video on making masks using rubber bands and folded fabrics found at home.

While a simple face covering can reduce the spread of coronavirus by blocking outgoing germs from coughs or sneezes of an infected person, experts say there is more variation in how much homemade masks might protect the wearer from incoming germs, depending on the fit and quality of the material used.

Scientists around the country have taken it upon themselves to identify everyday materials that do a better job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored well, as did vacuum cleaner bags, layers of 600-count pillowcases and fabric similar to flannel pajamas. Stacked coffee filters had medium scores. Scarves and bandanna material had the lowest scores, but still captured a small percentage of particles.

If you don’t have any of the materials that were tested, a simple light test can help you decide whether a fabric is a good candidate for a mask.

“Hold it up to a bright light,” said Dr. Scott Segal, chairman of anesthesiology at Wake Forest Baptist Health who recently studied homemade masks. “If light passes really easily through the fibers and you can almost see the fibers, it’s not a good fabric. If it’s a denser weave of thicker material and light doesn’t pass through it as much, that’s the material you want to use.”

Researchers say it’s important to remember that lab studies are conducted under perfect conditions with no leaks or gaps in the mask, but the test methods give us a way to compare materials. And while the degree of filtration for some homemade masks seems low, most of us — who are staying home and practicing social distancing in public — don’t need the high level of protection required for medical workers. More important, any face covering is better than none, especially if worn by a person who has the virus but doesn’t know it.

The biggest challenge of choosing a homemade mask material is to find a fabric that is dense enough to capture viral particles, but breathable enough that we can actually wear it. Some items being touted online promise high filtration scores, but the material would be unwearable.

Dressing Up for Work … at Home
Yang Wang, an assistant professor of environmental engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology, worked with his graduate students to study various combinations of layered materials — including both air filters and fabric. “You need something that is efficient for removing particles, but you also need to breathe,” said Dr. Wang, who last fall won an international award for aerosol research.

To test everyday materials, scientists are using methods similar to those used to test medical masks, which everybody agrees should be saved for medical workers who are exposed to high doses of virus from seeing infected patients. The best medical mask — called the N95 respirator — filters out at least 95 percent of particles as small as 0.3 microns. By comparison, a typical surgical mask — made using a rectangular piece of pleated fabric with elastic ear loops — has a filtration efficiency ranging from 60 to 80 percent.

Dr. Wang’s group tested two types of air filters. An allergy-reduction HVAC filter worked the best, capturing 89 percent of particles with one layer and 94 percent with two layers. A furnace filter captured 75 percent with two layers, but required six layers to achieve 95 percent. To find a filter similar to those tested, look for a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) rating of 12 or higher or a microparticle performance rating of 1900 or higher.

The problem with air filters is that they potentially could shed small fibers that would be risky to inhale. So if you want to use a filter, you need to sandwich the filter between two layers of cotton fabric. Dr. Wang said one of his grad students made his own mask by following the instructions in the C.D.C. video, but adding several layers of filter material inside a bandanna.

Dr. Wang’s group also found that when certain common fabrics were used, two layers offered far less protection than four layers. A 600 thread count pillow case captured just 22 percent of particles when doubled, but four layers captured nearly 60 percent. A thick woolen yarn scarf filtered 21 percent of particles in two layers, and 48.8 percent in four layers. A 100 percent cotton bandanna did the worst, capturing only 18.2 percent when doubled, and just 19.5 percent in four layers.

The group also tested Brew Rite and Natural Brew basket-style coffee filters, which, when stacked in three layers, showed 40 to 50 percent filtration efficiency — but they were less breathable than other options.

If you are lucky enough to know a quilter, ask them to make you a mask. Tests performed at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C., showed good results for homemade masks using quilting fabric. Dr. Segal, of Wake Forest Baptist Health, who led the study, noted that quilters tend to use high-quality, high-thread count cotton. The best homemade masks in his study were as good as surgical masks or slightly better, testing in the range of 70 to 79 percent filtration. Homemade masks that used flimsier fabric tested as low as 1 percent filtration, Dr. Segal said.

The best-performing designs were a mask constructed of two layers of high-quality, heavyweight “quilter’s cotton,” a two-layer mask made with thick batik fabric, and a double-layer mask with an inner layer of flannel and outer layer of cotton.

Bonnie Browning, executive show director for the American Quilter’s Society, said that quilters prefer tightly woven cottons and batik fabrics that stand up over time. Ms. Browning said most sewing machines can handle only two layers of fabric when making a pleated mask, but someone who wanted four layers of protection could wear two masks at a time.

Ms. Browning said she recently reached out to quilters on Facebook and heard from 71 people who have made a combined total of nearly 15,000 masks. “We quilters are very much in the thick of what’s going on with this,” said Ms. Browning, who lives in Paducah, Ky. “One thing most of us have is a stash of fabric.”

People who don’t sew could try a folded origami mask, created by Jiangmei Wu, assistant professor of interior design at Indiana University. Ms. Wu, who is known for her breathtaking folded artwork, said she began designing a folded mask out of a medical and building material called Tyvek, as well as vacuum bags, after her brother in Hong Kong, where mask wearing is common, suggested it. (DuPont, the maker of Tyvek, said in a statement that Tyvek is intended for medical apparel, not masks.) The folded mask pattern is free online, as is a video demonstrating the folding process. In tests at Missouri University and University of Virginia, scientists found that vacuum bags removed between 60 percent and 87 percent of particles. But some brands of vacuum bags may contain fiberglass or are harder to breathe through than other materials, and shouldn’t be used. Ms. Wu used a bag by EnviroCare Technologies, which has said it does not use fiberglass in its paper and synthetic cloth bags.

“I wanted to create an alternative for people who don’t sew,” said Ms. Wu, who said she is talking to various groups to find other materials that will be effective in a folded mask. “Given the shortage of all kinds of materials, even vacuum bags might run out.”

The scientists who conducted the tests used a standard of 0.3 microns because that is the measure used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for medical masks.

Linsey Marr, a Virginia Tech aerosol scientist and an expert in the transmission of viruses, said the certification method for respirators and HEPA filters focuses on 0.3 microns because particles around that size are the hardest to catch. While it seems counterintuitive, particles smaller than 0.1 microns are actually easier to catch because they have a lot of random motion that makes them bump into the filter fibers, she said.

“Even though coronavirus is around 0.1 microns, it floats around in a wide range of sizes, from around 0.2 to several hundred microns, because people shed the virus in respiratory fluid droplets that also contain lots of salts and proteins and other things,” said Dr. Marr. “Even if the water in the droplets fully evaporates, there’s still a lot of salt and proteins and other gunk that stays behind as solid or gel-like material. I think 0.3 microns is still useful for guidance because the minimum filtration efficiency will be somewhere around this size, and it’s what NIOSH uses.”

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TT-7908 SAURER UNICA STANDARD 21 YARD EMBROIDERY MACHINE, WIDTH 1500 TO 3000mm, YEAR 2001 1. COMPUTERIZED SHUTTLE EMBROIDERY MACHINE 2. YEAR: 2001 3. 1104 PIECES NEEDLES AND SHUTTLES 4. 1104 PIECES BORERS QUANTITY: 2 UNITS AVAILABLE Learn More

J-3048 DOUBLE BELT FLAT BED LAMINATOR, WORKING WIDTH 1800mm, FOR PU, PP & PE FILM – 10 μm DOUBLE BELT FLAT BED LAMINATOR WORKING WIDTH 1800mm (DIFFERENT WIDTHS AVAILABLE) FOR INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES: PU FOAM, POLYPROPYLENE OR POLYESTER FILM FILM THICKNESS: 10 μm QUANTITY: 1 Learn More